AIFC MULTILATERAL AND ORGANISED TRADING FACILITIES RULES (MOTF) AIFC RULES NO.
FR0054 OF 2021 Approval Date: 12 December 2021 Commencement Date: 01 January 2022
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL
1.1. Application of these Rules
1.2. Definitions
1.3. Exclusions for order routing
2. AUTHORISATION
2.1. Requirements for Trading Facility Operator authorisation
3. MEMBERSHIP CRITERIA AND ACCESS
3.1. Admission criteria
3.2. Membership Rules
3.3. Lists of users or Members
4. DIRECT ELECTRONIC ACCESS
4.1. Permitting Members that are Body Corporates to provide Direct Electronic Access to clients
4.2. Criteria, standards and arrangements for providing Direct Electronic Access to clients of Members that are body corporates
4.3. Criteria, standards and arrangements for giving Direct Electronic Access to Members who are natural persons
5. QUALIFIED INVESTMENTS
5.1. Permitted products
5.2. Qualified Investments
5.3. Designation of financial products as Qualified Investments
6. RULES AND CONSULTATION
6.1. Requirement to prepare, review and amend Business Rules
6.2. Amendment of rules
6.3. Waiver of consultation requirement
6.4. Public Consultation
6.5. Review of Rules
7. FAIR AND ORDERLY TRADING
8. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE
8.1. General
8.2. Proper information
8.3. Own means of dissemination
9. TRANSPARENCY REQUIREMENTS
9.1. Pre-Trade Disclosure
9.2. Post-Trade Disclosure
10. LIQUIDITY PROVIDER
11. RULES APPLICABLE TO MTF OPERATORS
12. RULES APPLICABLE TO OTF OPERATORS
13. TRADE PROCESSING AND FINALISATION OF TRANSACTIONS
14. TRANSACTION RECORDING
15. SAFEKEEPING OF CLIENT ASSETS
16. OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
17. DEFAULT MANAGEMENT
17.1. Default Rules
17.2. Public notice of suspended or terminated Membership
17.3. Cooperation with office-holder
18. FINANCIAL CRIME AND MARKET ABUSE
19. RESOLUTION PLANNING
20. SETTLEMENT AND CLEARING SERVICES
20.1. Settlement and clearing facilitation service
SCHEDULE 1: CONTRACT DELIVERY SPECIFICATIONS
1. GENERAL
1.1. Application of these Rules
These Rules, which may be cited as the AIFC Multilateral and Organised Trading Facilities Rules («MOTF»), apply to a Person with respect to:
(a) the operation, in or from the AIFC, of a Multilateral Trading Facility; or
(b) the operation, in or from the AIFC, of an Organised Trading Facility.
Guidance
A MTF Operator or an OTF Operator is an Authorised Firm to which the following provisions of GEN are applicable either directly or in respect of their officers and Employees who are Approved Individuals or Designated Individuals:
(a) GEN 2: Controlled and Designated Functions;
(b) GEN 3: Control of Authorised Persons;
(c) GEN 4: Core Principles;
(d) GEN 5: Systems and Controls;
(e) GEN 6: Supervision.
MOTF supplement, and should be read in conjunction with, GEN.
PRU(INV) Rules do not apply to a MTF Operator or an OTF Operator. As an Authorised Person, a MTF Operator or an OTF Operator also needs to comply with the wider Rulebooks relevant to all Authorised Persons, including AML.
1.2. Definitions
(1) A Trading Facility is a facility on which investments, rights or interests in Investments are traded. A Trading Facility may be a Multilateral Trading Facility («MTF») or an Organised Trading Facility («OTF»).
(2) A Multilateral Trading Facility is operated by a MTF Operator while an Organised Trading Facility is operated by an OTF Operator.
(3) A MTF Operator is a Centre Participant which has been licensed by the AFSA to carry on the Regulated Activity of Operating a Multilateral Trading Facility.
(4) An OTF Operator is a Centre Participant which has been licensed by the AFSA to carry on the Regulated Activity of Operating an Organised Trading Facility.
Guidance
Operating a Multilateral Trading Facility and Operating an Organised Trading Facility are defined as Regulated Activities in Schedule 1 of GEN.
For MTF Operators, one of the important requirements concerns the obligation that the Investments, rights, or interests in Investments be brought together in the system through non-discretionary rules set by the Operator. That requirement means that they are brought together under the Operator’s rules or through the Operator’s protocols or internal operating procedures, including procedures embodied in computer software. The term ‘non-discretionary rules’ means rules that leave the Operator with no discretion as to how Investments, rights, or interests in Investments may interact. The definition requires that Investments, rights, or interests in Investments be brought together in such a way as to result in a contract which occurs where execution takes place under the Operator’s rules or through the Operator’s protocols or internal operating procedures.
While MTF Operators have non-discretionary rules for the execution of transactions, OTF Operators should carry out order execution on a discretionary basis subject to the pre-transparency requirements and best execution obligations. Consequently, conduct of business rules, best execution and client order handling obligations should apply to the transactions executed by an OTF Operator.
1.3. Exclusions for order routing
For the purpose of these Rules, a Person does not operate a Trading Facility if it operates a facility which is an order routing system where buying and selling interests in, or orders for, financial instruments are merely transmitted but do not interact or consummate a trade.
2. AUTHORISATION
A Person wishing to operate a MTF or OTF must be an Authorised Firm licensed to operate a MTF or OTF, respectively, by the AFSA.
2.1. Requirements for Trading Facility Operator authorisation
The AFSA may not grant authorisation or variation to operate a MTF or OTF unless the applicant satisfies all of the following requirements:
(1) general authorisation requirements applicable to the applicant under the Framework Regulations and other applicable rules, and
(2) the applicant must hold the following minimum capital at all times:
(a) an amount equal to 6 months' operational expenses; plus
(b) an additional amount equal to 6 months' operational expenses, unless the AFSA directs otherwise.
Guidance
According to PRU(INV) 1.3(8), if a PRU Investment Firm holds both an Authorisation to carry on PRU Investment Business and Non-PRU(INV) Investment Business, which includes Trading Facility Operators, it will be also subject to PRU(INV) Rules in relation to the whole of its business, including its Non-PRU(INV) Investment Business. However, the AFSA may direct that the PRU Investment Firm will be deemed to satisfy:
(a) some or all of PRU(INV) Rules if it satisfies the rules that apply to it by reason of the Authorisation to carry on Non-PRU(INV) Investment Business; or
(b) some or all of the rules that apply to it by reason of the Authorisation to carry on Non-PRU(INV) Investment Business where it satisfies the PRU(INV) Rules.
3. MEMBERSHIP CRITERIA AND ACCESS
3.1. Admission criteria
(1) A Trading Facility Operator must ensure that access to its facilities is subject to criteria designed to protect the orderly functioning of the market and the interests of investors.
(2) A Trading Facility Operator may, subject to MOTF 3.2(2) and (3), accept as a member:
(a) an Authorised Firm;
(b) a Body Corporate other than the Authorised Firm; and
(c) a Person not referred to in (i) and (ii), only if:
(і) the facility is one on which Qualified Investments are traded; and
(ii) the Person’s access is only for trading Qualified Investments.
(3) The AFSA may, if it considers on reasonable grounds that it is appropriate to do so, require the Trading Facility Operator to have effective systems and controls in place to restrict the maximum number of Persons referred to in MOTF 3.1(2)(c) allowed to trade on its facility.
3.2. Membership Rules
(1) A Trading Facility Operator must make transparent and non-discriminatory rules, based on objective criteria, governing access to, or membership of, its facilities. In particular, those rules must specify the obligations of users or Members of its facilities arising from:
(a) the constitution and administration of the Operator;
(b) rules relating to transactions on the Operator’s market;
(c) in case of an Authorised Firm, its professional standards for staff having access to or membership of a financial market operated by the Operator;
(d) in case of a Body Corporate other than the Authorised Firm, conditions for access to or membership by Persons of a financial market operated by the Operator;
(e) in case of a natural person, conditions for access to or membership of a financial market operated by the Operator; and
(f) the rules and procedures for clearing and settlement of transactions.
(2) A Trading Facility Operator may only give access to or admit to membership a Person who:
(a) is fit and proper and of good repute;
(b) if applicable, has a sufficient level of ability, competence and experience, including appropriate standards of conduct for its staff; and
(c) if applicable, has adequate organisational arrangements, including financial and technological resources.
(3) In assessing whether access to a Trading Facility Operator’s facilities is subject to criteria designed to protect the orderly functioning of the market or of those facilities and the interests of investors, the AFSA may have regard to whether:
(a) the Operator limits access as a Member to such Persons:
(і) over whom it can with reasonable certainty enforce its rules contractually;
(ii) who have sufficient technical competence to use its facilities; and
(iii) if appropriate, who have adequate financial resources in relation to their exposure to the Operator;
(b) indirect access to the Operator’s facilities is subject to suitable criteria, remains the responsibility of a Member of the Operator and is subject to the Operator’s rules; and
(c) the Operator’s rules:
(і) set out the design and operation of the Operator’s relevant systems;
(ii) set out the risk for Members and other users when accessing and using the Operator’s facilities;
(iii) contain provisions for the resolution of Members’ and other users’ disputes and an appeal process for the decisions of the Operator;
(iv) contain disciplinary proceedings, including any sanctions that may be imposed by the Operator against its Members and other users; and
(v) set out other matters necessary for the proper functioning of the Operator and the facilities operated by it.
3.3. Lists of users or Members
A Trading Facility Operator must regularly make arrangements to provide the AFSA with a list of users or Members of its facilities.
4. DIRECT ELECTRONIC ACCESS
4.1. Permitting Members that are Body Corporates to provide Direct Electronic Access to clients
(1) This rule applies if a Trading Facility Operator proposes to permit a Member that is a Body Corporate to provide its clients Direct Electronic Access to the Operator’s facilities.
(2) A Trading Facility Operator may permit a Member to provide its clients Direct Electronic Access to the Operator’s facilities only if:
(a) the clients meet the suitability criteria established by the Member in order to meet the requirements in MOTF 4.2;
(b) the Member retains responsibility for the orders and trades executed by its clients who are using Direct Electronic Access; and
(c) the Member has adequate mechanisms to prevent its clients placing or executing orders using Direct Electronic Access in a manner that would result in the Member exceeding its position or margin limits.
4.2. Criteria, standards and arrangements for providing Direct Electronic Access to clients of Members that are body corporates
(1) A Trading Facility Operator which permits its Members to provide its clients Direct Electronic Access to the Operator’s facilities under MOTF rule 4.1 must:
(a) set appropriate standards regarding risk controls and thresholds on trading through Direct Electronic Access;
(b) be able to identify orders and trades made through Direct Electronic Access; and
(c) if necessary, be able to stop orders or trades made by a client using Direct Electronic Access provided by the Member without affecting the other orders or trades made or executed by that Member.
(2) A client who is permitted to have Direct Electronic Access to an Operator’s facilities through a Member is not, by virtue of such permission, a Member of the Operator. However, such client is subject to the jurisdiction of the MTF or OTF.
(3) In determining whether a Trading Facility Operator has adequate arrangements to permit Direct Electronic Access to its facilities and to prevent and resolve problems likely to arise from the use of electronic systems to provide indirect access to its facilities to Persons other than the Operator’s Members, the AFSA may have regard to:
(a) the rules and guidance governing Members’ procedures, controls and security arrangements for inputting instructions into the system;
(b) the rules and guidance governing the facilities that Members provide to its clients to input instructions into the system and the restrictions placed on the use of those systems;
(c) the rules and practices to detect, identify, and halt or remove instructions breaching any relevant restrictions;
(d) the quality and completeness of the audit trail of a transaction processed through an electronic connection system; and
(e) procedures to determine whether to suspend trading by those systems or access to them by or through individual Members.
4.3. Criteria, standards and arrangements for giving Direct Electronic Access to Members who are natural persons
(1) This rule applies if a Trading Facility Operator proposes to give to a Member who is a natural person Direct Electronic Access to the Operator’s facilities.
(2) A Trading Facility Operator must ensure that:
(a) its rules clearly set out:
(і) the duties owed by the Operator to its Members with Direct Electronic Access, and how the Operator is held accountable for any failure to fulfil those duties; and
(ii) the duties owed by the Members with Direct Electronic Access to the Operator and how such Members are held accountable for any failure to fulfil those duties;
(b) appropriate investor redress mechanisms are available, in accordance with COB Chapter 15, and disclosed to Members permitted to trade Qualified Investments on its facility; and
(c) its facility contains a prominent disclosure of the risks associated with trading and clearing Qualified Investments.
(3) Without limiting the generality of the systems and controls obligations of the Trading Facility Operator, the Operator must have adequate systems and controls to address market integrity, AML, CTF and investor protection risks in giving Direct Electronic Access to a Member, to trade on its facility, including procedures to:
(a) ensure that appropriate customer due diligence sufficient to address AML and CTF risks has been conducted on each Member, before permitting the Member to trade on its facility;
(b) detect and address market manipulation and abuse; and
(c) ensure that there is adequate disclosure relating to the Qualified Investments that are traded on the facility.
(4) A Trading Facility Operator must have adequate controls and procedures to ensure that trading in Qualified Investments by Members with Direct Electronic Access does not pose any risks to the orderly and efficient functioning of the facility’s trading system, including controls and procedures to:
(a) mitigate counterparty risks that may arise from defaults by such Members through adequate collateral management measures, such as margin requirements, based on the settlement cycle adopted by the Operator;
(b) identify and distinguish orders that are placed by such Members, and, if necessary, enable the Operator to stop orders of, or trading by, such Members;
(c) prevent such Members from allowing access to other Persons to trade on the trading facility; and
(d) ensure that such Members fully comply with the rules of the facility and promptly address any gaps and deficiencies that are identified.
(5) A Trading Facility Operator must have adequate resources and systems to carry out front-line monitoring of the trading activities of Members with Direct Electronic Access.
5. QUALIFIED INVESTMENTS
5.1. Permitted products
A Trading Facility Operator may allow a product to be traded on its MTF or OTF only if the product is a financial or commodity product that is a Qualified Investment.
5.2. Qualified Investments
(1) Qualified Investment means a financial or commodity instrument, agreement or transaction under which, at a specified time or within a specified period of time:
(a) a payment or delivery obligation is to be performed, or title to commodity or asset is to be transferred; or
(b) an obligation to make payment or delivery, or to transfer title to commodity or asset, is to be entered into or incurred.
(2) In particular, an instrument, agreement or transaction of one of the following kinds is a Qualified Investment:
(a) a commodity swap;
(b) a commodity derivative;
(c) an emissions derivative, including an emissions allowance or emissions reduction transaction;
(d) a spot, future, forward or other securities or commodities transaction;
(e) a commodities contract, including an agreement to buy, sell, borrow or lend commodities, such as a commodities repurchase or reverse repurchase agreement, a commodities lending agreement or a commodities buy/sell back agreement;
(f) a collateral arrangement;
(g) any other instrument, agreement or transaction similar to an instrument, agreement or transaction of a kind referred to in (a) to (f) with respect to one or more reference items relating to commodities, energy products, electricity, equities, weather, sukuk, bonds or other debt instruments and precious metals.
(3) However, the following Financial Products are not Qualified Investments:
(a) a Contract of Insurance entered into by a licensed or authorised insurance company as part of its insurance business; and
(b) a Digital Asset.
(4) In case of commodity derivative contracts which require physical delivery, a Trading Facility Operator must ensure that such contracts traded on its facilities have terms and conditions which:
(a) promote price discovery of the underlying commodity;
(b) ensure, to the extent possible, that there is a correlation to the operation of the physical market in the underlying commodity;
(c) include contract delivery specifications which address the matters specified in Schedule 1; and
(d) provide for legally enforceable settlement and delivery procedures.
(5) The AFSA may require a Person issuing certain Qualified Investments to provide a product summary note to investors. The AFSA may set out in guidance circumstances in which it is likely to exercise such power and the content of the product summary note.
5.3. Designation of financial products as Qualified Investments
(1) The AFSA may, by publishing a notice to that effect, designate as a Qualified Investment any kind of instrument, agreement or transaction in addition to those specifically mentioned in MOTF 5.2.
(2) The AFSA may, by publishing a notice to that effect, revoke the designation of any kind of instrument, agreement or transaction. However, the revocation of a designation does not apply:
(a) to an instrument, agreement or transaction entered into before the revocation; or
(b) to a transaction entered into (before or after the revocation) under an instrument or agreement:
(і) entered into before the revocation: or
(ii) to which an instrument or agreement entered into before the revocation applies.
(3) The AFSA may exercise the power under MOTF 5.3(1) either upon written application made by a Person or on its own initiative.
(4) Without limiting the generality of the matters that the AFSA may consider when exercising its power under MOTF 5.3(1), it must consider the following factors:
(a) the economic effect of the financial instrument or class of financial instruments;
(b) the class of potential investors to whom the financial instrument is intended to be marketed;
(c) the treatment of similar financial instruments for regulatory purposes in other jurisdictions; and
(d) the possible impact of such a declaration on any person issuing or marketing such a financial instrument.
(5) A Person who makes an application for a designation under MOTF 5.3(1) must address, as far as practicable, the factors specified in MOTF 5.3(4).
(6) The AFSA must publish any proposed designation under MOTF 5.3(1) for public consultation for at least thirty calendar days after the date of publication, except if:
(a) it designates a financial product to be a particular type of an existing Security or Derivative;
(b) it determines that any delay likely to result from public consultation is prejudicial to the interests of the AIFC; or
(c) it determines that there is a commercial exigency that warrants such a declaration being made without any public consultation or being published shorter than the thirty-day consultation period.
(c)
6. RULES AND CONSULTATION
6.1. Requirement to prepare, review and amend Business Rules
A Trading Facility Operator must ensure that appropriate procedures are adopted for it to make rules, for keeping its rules under review and for amending them («Business Rules»). The procedures must include procedures for consulting users of the Operator’s facilities in appropriate cases.
6.2. Amendment of rules
An amendment to a Trading Facility Operator’s Business Rules must, before the amendment becomes effective:
(і) be made available for public consultation; and
(ii) be approved by the AFSA.
6.3. Waiver of consultation requirement
The AFSA may dispense with the requirement in MOTF 6.2(a)(і) in cases of emergency, force majeure, typographical errors, minor administrative matters, or to comply with applicable laws. A Trading Facility Operator must have procedures for notifying users of these amendments for which the ASFA has dispensed with public consultation.
6.4. Public Consultation
(1) A Trading Facility Operator must, before making any amendment to its Business Rules, undertake public consultation on the proposed amendment in accordance with the requirements in this Chapter.
(2) For these purposes, a Trading Facility Operator must publish a consultation paper setting out:
(a) the text of both the proposed amendment and the Business Rules that are to be amended;
(b) the reasons for proposing the amendment; and
(c) a reasonable consultation period, which must not be less than thirty calendar days after the date of publication, within which Members and other stakeholders may provide comments.
The Trading Facility Operator must lodge with the AFSA the consultation paper no later than the time when it is released for public comment.
(3) The AFSA may, if it considers on reasonable grounds that it is appropriate to do so, require the Trading Facility Operator to extend its proposed period of public consultation specified in the consultation paper.
(4) A Trading Facility Operator must:
(a) facilitate, as appropriate, informal discussions on the proposed amendment with Members and other stakeholders including any appropriate representative bodies of such Persons;
(b) consider the impact the proposed amendment has on the interests of its Members and other stakeholders; and
(c) have proper regard to any public comments received.
(5) Following public consultation, a Trading Facility Operator must publish the final Business Rules and consider whether it would be appropriate to discuss the comments received and any amendments made before publication.
6.5. Review of Rules
(1) In determining whether a Trading Facility Operator’s procedures for consulting Members and other users of its facilities are appropriate, the AFSA may have regard to:
(a) the range of Persons to be consulted by the Trading Facility Operator under those procedures; and
(b) the extent to which the procedures include:
(і) informal discussions at an early stage with users of its facilities or appropriate representative bodies;
(ii) publication to users of its facilities of a formal consultation paper which includes clearly expressed reasons for the proposed changes and an appropriately detailed assessment of the likely costs and benefits;
(iii) adequate time for users of its facilities to respond to the consultation paper and for the Trading Facility Operator to take their responses properly into account;
(iv) adequate arrangements for making responses to consultation available for inspection by users of its facilities, unless the respondent requests otherwise; and
(v) adequate arrangements for ensuring that the Trading Facility Operator has proper regard to the representations received.
(2) Consultation with a smaller range of Persons may be appropriate if limited, technical changes to an Operator’s Business Rules are proposed. An Operator’s procedures may include provision to restrict consultation if it is essential to make a change to the Business Rules without delay in order to ensure continued compliance with the Operator authorisation requirements or other legal obligations.
7. FAIR AND ORDERLY TRADING
(1) A Trading Facility Operator must ensure that it has transparent rules and procedures to provide for fair and orderly trading, and to establish objective criteria for the efficient execution of orders.
(2) A Trading Facility Operator must have an arrangement to effectively facilitate the efficient and timely finalisation of the transactions effected on and through its MTF or OTF.
(3) In determining whether a Trading Facility Operator is ensuring that business conducted through its facilities is conducted in an orderly manner, the AFSA may have regard to the extent to which the Trading Facility Operator’s rules and procedures:
(a) are consistent with these Rules;
(b) prohibit abusive trading practices, including reporting or publication of false or misleading information;
(c) prohibit or prevent:
(і) trades in which a party is improperly indemnified against losses;
(ii) trades intended to create a false appearance of trading activity;
(iii) cross trades executed for improper purposes;
(iv) front running of customer orders;
(v) improperly prearranged or pre‐negotiated trades;
(vi) trades intended to assist or conceal any potentially identifiable trading abuse;
(vii)entering bids and offers with no underlying intention to deal at that price; and
(viii) market manipulation or price manipulation.
(d) include appropriate measures to prevent the use of its facilities for abusive or improper purposes;
(e) provide appropriate safeguards for investors against fraud or misconduct, recklessness, negligence or incompetence by users of its facilities;
(f) provide appropriate information to enable users to monitor their use of the facilities;
(g) include appropriate arrangements to enable users to raise queries about the use of the facilities for transactions which they are reported to have made;
(h) include appropriate arrangements to enable users of its facilities to comply with any relevant regulatory or legal requirements; and
(і) include appropriate arrangements to reduce the risk that those facilities are used in ways that are incompatible with relevant regulatory or legal requirements.
In this paragraph, «appropriate» is taken to mean appropriate having regard to the nature and scale of the Trading Facility Operator’s facilities, the types of Persons who use the facilities and the use which they make of those facilities.
(4) In determining whether a Trading Facility Operator is ensuring that business conducted through its facilities is conducted in an orderly manner, the AFSA may have regard to whether the Operator’s arrangements and practices:
(a) enable Members and their clients for whom they act to obtain the best price available at the time for their size and type of trade;
(b) include procedures which enable the Operator to influence trading conditions or suspend trading promptly when necessary to maintain an orderly market; and
(c) if the arrangements and practices support or encourage liquidity:
(і) are transparent;
(ii) are not likely to encourage any Person to enter into transactions other than for proper trading purposes (which may include hedging, investment, speculation, price determination, arbitrage and filling orders from any client for whom he acts);
(iii) are consistent with a reliable, undistorted price‐formation process; and
(iv) alleviate dealing or other identified costs associated with trading on the Operator’s markets and do not subsidise a market position of a user of its facilities.
(5) A Trading Facility Operator must be able to suspend or remove a Qualified Investment or participant which no longer complies with its rules or otherwise violates these Rules. The Operator must immediately comply with a direction from the AFSA to suspend or remove a Qualified Investment or Member.
(6) The rules of a Trading Facility Operator must provide that the Operator must not exercise its power to suspend or remove from trading on a market operated by it any Qualified Investment which no longer complies with one or more Operator’s rules, if such step would be likely to cause significant damage to the interests of investors or the orderly functioning of the relevant market.
8. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE
8.1. General
(1) Any arrangement to make information public must satisfy the following conditions:
(a) it must include all reasonable steps necessary to ensure that the information to be published is reliable, monitored continuously for errors, and corrected as soon as errors are detected;
(b) it must facilitate the consolidation of the data with similar data from other sources; and
(c) it must make the information available to the public on a non‐discriminatory commercial basis at a reasonable cost.
(2) For the purposes of MOTF 8.1((a)a(a), a verification process must be an independent cross‐check of the accuracy of the information generated by the trading process and may or may not involve the use of an external publishing entity. This process must have the capability to at least identify price and volume anomalies, be systematic and conducted in real‐time. The chosen process must be reasonable and proportionate to the business.
(3) In respect of arrangements for public disclosure in MOTF 8.1(1):
(a) For the purposes of MOTF 8.1(a)a(b), information is made public, if it:
(і) is accessible by automated electronic means in a machine‐readable way;
(ii) utilises technology that facilitates consolidation of the data and permits commercially viable usage; and
(iii) is accompanied by instructions outlining how users can access the information.
(b) For the purposes of MOTF 8.1(a)(і)(і)(a)(і)(і), an arrangement fulfils the ‘machine‐readable’ criteria if the data:
(і) is in a physical form that is designed to be read by a computer;
(ii) is in a location on a computer storage device where that location is known in advance by the party wishing to access the data; and
(iii) is in a format that is known in advance by the party wishing to access the data.
(c) Publication on a non‐machine‐readable website does not meet the requirements of MOTF 8.1(a)(і)(і)(1).
(4) Information that is made public must conform to a consistent and structured format based on industry standards. A Trading Facility Operator can choose which structure to use.
8.2. Proper information
In determining whether appropriate arrangements have been made to make relevant information available to Persons engaged in dealing in Qualified Investments admitted to trading on the Trading Facility Operator’s facilities, the AFSA may have regard to:
(1) the extent to which Members and their clients for whom they act are able to obtain information about those Qualified Investments, either through accepted channels for dissemination of information or through other regularly and widely accessible communication media, to make a reasonably informed judgment about the value and the risks associated with those Qualified Investments in a timely manner;
(2) what restrictions, if any, there are on the dissemination of relevant information to the Operator’s Members and their clients for whom they act; and
(3) whether relevant information is or can be kept to restricted groups of Persons in such a way as to facilitate or encourage dealing in contravention of these Rules.
8.3. Own means of dissemination
Trading Facility Operators do not need to maintain their own arrangements for disseminating news or information about Qualified Investments (or underlying assets) to their Members where they have made adequate arrangements for other Persons to do so on their behalf or there are other effective and reliable arrangements for this purpose.
9. TRANSPARENCY REQUIREMENTS
9.1. Pre-Trade Disclosure
(1) A Trading Facility Operator must disclose to its users as appropriate, on a continuous basis during normal trading, the following information relating to trading of Qualified Investments on its MTF or OTF:
(a) the current bid and offer prices and volume;
(b) the depth of trading interest shown at the prices and volumes advertised through its systems for the Qualified Investments; and
(c) any other information relating to Qualified Investments which would promote transparency relating to trading.
(2) The AFSA may waive or modify the disclosure requirement in MOTF 9.1 in relation to certain transactions where the order size is predetermined, exceeds a pre-set and published threshold level and the details of the exemption are made available to an Operator’s Members and the public.
(3) In assessing whether an exemption from pre-trade disclosure is allowed, the AFSA has regard to factors such as:
(a) the level of order threshold compared with normal market size for the Qualified Investment;
(b) the impact such an exemption would have on price discovery, fragmentation, fairness and overall market quality;
(c) whether there is sufficient transparency relating to trades executed without pre-trade disclosure (as a result of orders executed on execution platforms without pre-trade transparency), whether or not they are entered in transparent markets;
(d) whether the Trading Facility Operator supports transparent orders by giving priority to transparent orders over dark orders, for example, by executing such orders at the same price as transparent orders; and
(e) whether there is adequate disclosure of details relating to dark orders available to Members and other participants on the MTF or OTF to enable them to understand the manner in which their orders are handled and executed on the MTF or OTF.
(4) When making disclosure, a Trading Facility Operator must adopt a technical mechanism showing differentiations between transactions that have been recorded in the central order book and transactions that have been reported to the MTF or OTF as off-order book transactions. Any transactions that have been cancelled pursuant to its rules must also be identifiable.
(5) A Trading Facility Operator must use appropriate mechanisms to enable pre-trade information to be made available to users in an easy to access and uninterrupted manner at least during business hours.
